Documents
Haiti, Loi sur les étrangers, 1 July 1941
South Africa, South African Citizenship Act, 1949, 2 September 1949
United States of America,Immigration and Nationality Act (last amended March 2004), 27 June 1952
Nigeria, Geneva Conventions Act, Cap G3 LFN 2004, 30 September 1960
UNHCR, Attaques militaires contre des camps de réfugiés et des zones d’installation en Afrique australe et ailleurs, 1 October 1982, EC/SCP/23 / UNHCR, Military Attacks on Refugee Camps and Settlements in Southern Africa, 1 October 1982, EC/SCP/23
UNHCR, Projets de principes concernant les attaques militaires contre des camps et des zones d’installation de réfugiés soumis au Sous-Comité plénier sur la protection internationale, 30 September 1983, EC/SCP/32 / UNHCR, Draft Principles on Military Attacks on Refugee Camps and Settlements for Consideration by the Sub-Committee of the Whole on International Protection, 30 September 1983
UNHCR, Attaques militaires contre des camps et zones d’installation de réfugiés en afrique australe et ailleurs Nº 32 (XXXIV) – 1983, 20 October 1983, Nº 32 (XXXIV) / UNHCR, Military Attacks on Refugee Camps and Settlements in Southern Africa and Elsewhere No. 32 (XXXIV) – 1983, 20 October 1983, No. 32 (XXXIV)
UNHCR, Projet de conclusions sur les attaques militaires et armées contre les camps et les zones d’installation de réfugiés, 2 October 1984, EC/SCP/34/Add.1 / UNHCR, Draft Conclusion on Military Attacks on Refugee Camps and Settlements, 2 October 1984, EC/SCP/34/Add.1
UNHCR, Note sur les attaques militaires et armées contre des camps et des zones d’installation de réfugiés, 10 August 1987, EC/SCP/47 / UNHCR, Note on Military and Armed Attacks on Refugee Camps and Settlements, 10 August 1987, EC/SCP/47
UNHCR, Attaques militaires et armées contre des camps et zones d’installation de réfugiés Nº 48 (XXXVIII) – 1987, 12 October 1987, Nº 48 (XXXVIII) – 1987 / UNHCR, Military or Armed Attacks on Refugee Camps and Settlements No. 48 (XXXVIII) – 1987, 12 October 1987, No. 48 (XXXVIII) – 1987
Czech Republic, Act No. 498 of 1990 concerning Refugees (repealed), 1 January 1991
Slovenia, Foreigners Act 1991, 25 June 1991
Lithuania, Law on Citizenship, 11 December 1991
Nepal, Immigration Act, 1992, 2 November 1992
Republic of Korea, Immigration Act, 8 December 1992
Nigeria, High Court of Justice of Borno State, 2 September 1993, Ahmed Allatchi and 243 Others v. Chief of Army Staff and 4 Others, M/64m/92 [Censure détention et expulsion réfugiés]
Canada: Federal Court, 13 December 1993, Maarouf v. Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration), [1994] 1 F.C. 723 [Internal flight alternative (IFA) / Internal relocation alternative (IRA) / Internal protection alternative (IPA) | Non-state agents of persecution | Persecution based on political opinion | Refugee camps | Refugee status determination (RSD) / Asylum procedures | Statelessness | Statelessness]
United Kingdom: Court of Appeal (England and Wales), 11 November 1996, Lawrence Matu Kagema v. Secretary of State for the Home Department [Asylum-Kenyan national-Kikuyu-attacked by Kalenjins-removed to camp-adjudicator and Tribunal concluded appellant had no well-founded fear of persecution if he returned to camp in Kenya-whether definition of persecution adopted by appellate authorities was too narrow-whether definition a matter of fact or law-whether conclusions of special adjudicator and Tribunal unreasonable. Handbook on procedures and criteria for determining refugee status para. 51]
Bangladesh, Chittagong Hill Tracts Treaty 1997, 2 December 1997
New Zealand: Refugee Status Appeals Authority, 18 June 1998, Refugee Appeal No. AB70765/98 [Appel contre refus octroi du statut de réfugié – Discrimination- gravité persécuction – Discrimination et persécution – Arbitrary arrest and detention | Bihari | Credibility assessment | Evidence (including age and language assessments / medico-legal reports) | Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment | Non-state agents of persecution | Persecution based on political opinion | Racial / Ethnic persecution | Refugee camps]
New Zealand: Refugee Status Appeals Authority, 17 December 1998, Refugee Appeal No. 70739, No. 70739 [Chechen | Country of origin information (COI) | Discrimination based on race, nationality, ethnicity | Ingush | Non-state agents of persecution | Racial / Ethnic persecution | Refugee camps]
Tanzania, Refugees Act, 1998, 15 April 1999
UNHCR, La sécurité et le caractère civil et humanitaire des camps et zones d’installation de réfugiés : Concrétiser « l’échelle d’options », 27 June 2000, EC/50/SC/INF.4 / UNHCR, The Security, Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Refugee Camps and Settlements: Operationalizing the « Ladder of Options », 27 June 2000, EC/50/SC/INF.4
Kenya, The Children Act, 2001, No. 8 of 2001, 31 December 2001
United Kingdom: Asylum and Immigration Tribunal / Immigration Appellate Authority, 30 July 2002, PO(Risk – Return – General) Sierra Leone v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, CG [2002] UKIAT 03285 [Country of origin information (COI) | Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment | IDP camps | Internal flight alternative (IFA) / Internal relocation alternative (IRA) / Internal protection alternative (IPA)]
United Kingdom: Asylum and Immigration Tribunal / Immigration Appellate Authority, 3 December 2002, FS (Camps – Vulnerable Group – Woman) Sierra Leone v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, CG [2002] UKIAT 05588 [Abduction | Country of origin information (COI) | Credibility assessment | Evidence (including age and language assessments / medico-legal reports) | Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment | IDP camps | Mental health | SGBV | Women-at-risk]
New-Zealand, Court of Appeal [CA], 16th April 2003, Attorney-General v Refugee Council of New Zealand Inc and ors, Appeal judgment, [2003] 2 NZLR 577, (2003) 7 HRNZ 1, ILDC 214 (NZ 2003) [Detention — Asylum — Refugees]
United Kingdom: Asylum and Immigration Tribunal / Immigration Appellate Authority, 17 June 2003, KB (Mixed Ethnicity – Roma/Albanian) Kosovo v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, CG [2003] UKIAT 00013 [Country of origin information (COI) | Evidence (including age and language assessments / medico-legal reports) | Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment | IDP camps | Internal flight alternative (IFA) / Internal relocation alternative (IRA) / Internal protection alternative (IPA) | Racial / Ethnic persecution | Roma]
United Kingdom: Asylum and Immigration Tribunal / Immigration Appellate Authority, 29 October 2004, KK IH HE (Palestinians – Lebanon – Camps) Jordan v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, CG [2004] UKIAT OO293 [Country of origin information (COI) – Credibility assessment – Evidence (including age and language assessments / medico-legal reports) – Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment – Palestinian – Persecution based on political opinion – Protection of camps – Refugee camps – Refugee status determination (RSD) / Asylum procedures – Statelessness]
Human Rights Watch, No Exit: Human Rights Abuses Inside the Mojahedin Khalq Camps, 18 May 2005
High Court of Botswana, held at Francistown, 10 June 2005, Sefu and Others v The Attorney General of Botswana, Case No. F46 of 2005 [Demandeurs ressortissants de la RDC dont les demandes d’asile avaient été rejetées et résidant dans un camp de réfugiés sous la supervision du HCR pour lequel 3 d’entre eux travaillaient moyennant rémunération – demandeurs déplacés du camp vers le centre pour immigrants illégaux de Francistown – Mise en liberté sous caution applicable aux personnes poursuivies pénalement mais non à celles détenues sur le fondement du rejet de leur demande d’asile pour préparer leur expulsion – Liciété de la détention des demandeurs aux fins d’expulsion]
The Administration of Justice in Refugee Camps: A Study of Practice, March 2006, PPLA/2006/01
United Kingdom: Asylum and Immigration Tribunal / Immigration Appellate Authority, 17 July 2006, MA (Galgale – Sab Clan) Somalia v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, CG [2006] UKIAT 00073 [Credibility assessment | Effective protection | Evidence (including age and language assessments / medico-legal reports) | IDP camps | Madhiban | Non-state agents of persecution | Racial / Ethnic persecution]
United Kingdom: Asylum and Immigration Tribunal / Immigration Appellate Authority, 3 August 2006, HGMO (Relocation to Khartoum) Sudan v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, CG [2006] UKAIT 00062 [Country of origin information (COI) | Evidence (including age and language assessments / medico-legal reports) | IDP camps | Internal flight alternative (IFA) / Internal relocation alternative (IRA) / Internal protection alternative (IPA) | Involuntary repatriation | Military service / Conscientious objection / Desertion / Draft evasion / Forced conscription | Persecution based on political opinion | Public health | Racial / Ethnic persecution | Single heads of household | Women-at-risk]
UNHCR, Principes directeurs opérationnels sur le maintien du caractère civil et humanitaire de l’asile, September 2006 / UNHCR, Operational Guidelines on Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Asylum, September 2006
UNHCR, Analysis of Gaps in Refugee Protection Capacity – Thailand, November 2006
Kenya, Refugees Act, No. 13 of 2006, 30 December 2006, 17 Laws of Kenya Cap. 173 (rev. ed. 2014)
UNHCR, Bangladesh: Analysis of Gaps in the Protection of Rohingya Refugees, May 2007
United Kingdom: Court of Session (Scotland), 16 January 2007, In the Petition of Fatima Helow to the nobile officium of the Court of Session, [2007] CSIH 5 [Independence of judiciary | Non-state agents of persecution | Palestinian | Persecution based on political opinion | Refugee camps]
New Zealand: High Court, 4 April 2007, Hassan v. Department of Labour, CRI 2006-485-101 [Criminal justice | False documents | Illegal entry | Immigration Detention | Refugee camps | Residence permits / Residency | Safe third country]
United Kingdom: Court of Appeal (England and Wales), 4 April 2007, AH (Sudan) v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, [2007] EWCA Civ 297 [Country of origin information (COI) | Internal flight alternative (IFA) / Internal relocation alternative (IRA) / Internal protection alternative (IPA) | Military service / Conscientious objection / Desertion / Draft evasion / Forced conscription | Racial / Ethnic persecution | Refugee camps]
Sierra Leone, Act No. 6 of 2007, The Refugees Protection Act, 2007, 30 August 2007
United Kingdom: Court of Appeal (England and Wales), 30 October 2007, JK (Serbia) v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, [2007] EWCA Civ 1321 [IDP camps | Internal flight alternative (IFA) / Internal relocation alternative (IRA) / Internal protection alternative (IPA) | Persecution based on political opinion | Racial / Ethnic persecution | Roma]
United Kingdom: House of Lords (Judicial Committee), 14 November 2007, Secretary of State for the Home Department (Appellant) v. AH (Sudan) and Others (FC) (Respondents), [2007] UKHL 49 [IDP camps | Internal flight alternative (IFA) / Internal relocation alternative (IRA) / Internal protection alternative (IPA) | Rejected asylum-seekers | Returnees]
United Kingdom: Asylum and Immigration Tribunal / Immigration Appellate Authority, 25 February 2008, MM and FH (Stateless Palestinians – KK, IH, HE reaffirmed) Lebanon v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, [2008] UKAIT 00014 [Country of origin information (COI) | Credibility assessment | Discrimination based on race, nationality, ethnicity | Palestinian | Racial / Ethnic persecution | Refugee camps | Statelessness]
New Zealand: Refugee Status Appeals Authority, 19 March 2008, Refugee Appeal Nos. 76120, 76121, 76122 & 76123, Nos. 76120, 76121, 76122 & 76123 [Credibility assessment | Racial / Ethnic persecution | Refugee camps | Witnesses]
United Kingdom: Court of Session (Scotland), 28 March 2008, NO v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, [2008] CSIH 29 [IDP camps | Internal flight alternative (IFA) / Internal relocation alternative (IRA) / Internal protection alternative (IPA)]
Malawi: High Court, Lilongwe District Registry, 17 April 2008, Ex Parte Frodovaro Nsabimana and Others v The State and the Department of Poverty and Disaster Management Affairs and Another, Misc. Civil Application No. 19 of 2006 [Refugee / Asylum law | Refugee camps | Urban refugees]
United Kingdom: Asylum and Immigration Tribunal / Immigration Appellate Authority, 21 May 2008, WD (Lebanon – Palestinian – ANO – Risk) Lebanon v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, CG [2008] UKAIT 00047 [Country of origin information (COI) | Credibility assessment | Evidence (including age and language assessments / medico-legal reports) | Non-state agents of persecution | Palestinian | Persecution based on political opinion | Political groups | Refugee camps]
United Kingdom: Court of Appeal (England and Wales), 22 May 2008,RA (Lebanon) v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, [2008] EWCA Civ 687 [Appeal / Right to appeal | Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment | Non-state agents of persecution | Palestinian | Persecution based on political opinion | Refugee camps | Standard of proof]
United Kingdom: Court of Appeal (England and Wales), 30 July 2008, KH (Sudan); QA (Sudan); BK (Sudan); AA (Sudan); and KA (Sudan) v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, [2008] EWCA Civ 887 [Country of origin information (COI) | Deportation / Forcible return | IDP camps | Internal flight alternative (IFA) / Internal relocation alternative (IRA) / Internal protection alternative (IPA) | Women-at-risk]
Gambia, Refugee Act, 2008, 23 October 2008
Burundi, Loi No. 1/32 sur l’asile et la protection des réfugiés au Burundi, 13 novembre 2008
Zimbabwe, Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment (No. 19) Act, 2008, Act No. 1 of 2009, 13 February 2009
Kenya, Refugees (Reception, Registration and Adjudication) Regulations, 2009, 27 February 2009
Ireland: High Court, 18 June 2009: S.B. v. Refugee Appeals Tribunal and Another, [2009] IEHC 270 [Népalais – Persécution raciale / ethnique – Camps de réfugiés – Apatridie]
Kazakhstan, Law of 2009 on Refugees, 4 December 2009
South Africa: Supreme Court of Appeal, 24 February 2010, Arse v The Minister of Home Affairs and others, Order of 24 February 2010, Case No. 52898/09 [IDP camps | Refugee / Asylum law | Refugee camps | Resettlement]
Kenya, The Kenya Citizenship and Immigration Act, 2011, Act No. 11 of 2011, 30 August 2011
Croatia,: The Foreigners Act 2011, 13 November 2011
United Kingdom: Upper Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber), 18 May 2012, AK (Article 15(c)) Afghanistan v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, CG [2012] UKUT 00163(IAC) [Country of origin information (COI) | EU Qualification Directive | IDP camps | Internal armed conflict | Internal flight alternative (IFA) / Internal relocation alternative (IRA) / Internal protection alternative (IPA) | Internally displaced persons (IDPs)]
Kenya, Land Act (N. 6), 2012, 30 September 2012
Australian National Audit Office (ANAO), Individual management services provided to people in immigration detention, Canberra, 2013
Slovakia, Act of 2002 on Asylum and Amendment of Some Acts, 1 January 2003
Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment (No. 20) Act, 2013, 22 May 2013
High Court of Kenya at Nairobi, Milimani Law Courts Constitutional and Human Rights Division, 26 July 2013, Kituo Cha Sheria and others v. The Attorney General, Petition No. 19 of 2013 consolidated with Petition No. 115 of 2013 [Government Directive to move all refugees in urban areas to refugee camps – Nature and Extent of the rights and fundamental freedoms of refugees residing in urban areas in Kenya – Geneva Convention of 1951 domesticated by the Refugees Act, 2006 (No. 13 of 2006) – ICCPR]
Rwanda, Law No. 13 ter/2014 of 21/05/2014 relating to refugees, 30 June 2014
Kenya, The Security Laws (Amendment) Act, 2014, December 2014
Kenya, High Court at Nairobi, Constitutional and Human Rights Division, 23 February 2015,Coalition for Reform and Democracy and others v. Republic of Kenya and others, Petition No. 628 of 2014 consolidated with Petition No. 630 of 2014 and Petition No. 12 of 2015 [Eloignement étrangers – Avoidance Doctrines – Séparation des pouvoirs – Freedom of movement | National security / Public order | Refugee / Asylum law | Refugee camps | Urban refugees]
Kenya, High Court, 18 December 2015, Refugee Consortium of Kenya & another v Attorney General & 2 others, Petition No. 382 of 2014 [Directive that all refugees residing outside designated refugee camps as specified in Gazette Notice No. 1927 must return to their designated camps immediately and order that all refugee registration centres in urban centres were to be closed – Tensions between measures taken to heighten ational security and the protection of the rights of minor refugees – Petitioners arrested and forcefully taken to Daadab Refugee Camp « Best interests of the Child »]
UNHCR, Community-Based Protection in Action – Community-Based Outreach Outside of Camps, 2016
United Kingdom: Upper Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber), 22 January 2016, R (on the application of ZAT and Others) v Secretary of State for the Home Department (Article 8 ECHR – Dublin Regulation – interface – proportionality) IJR, [2016] UKUT 00061 (IAC) [Notion de camp – « Jungle » – Règlement Dublin – Droit à une vie privée et familiale – Accueil des demandeurs d’asile – Enfants non accompagnés – Entrée sur le territoire]
Togo, Loi No. 2016-021 du 2016, portant statut des réfugiés au Togo, 24 août 2016
High Court of Kenya at Nairobi, 9 February 2017, Kenya National Commission on Human Rights & another v Attorney General & 3 others, Petition No. 227 of 2016 [2017] eKLR [Closure of Kakuma and Dadaab Refugee Camps – Decision to implement repatriation of refugees to Somalia, decision to revoke the prima facie refugee status of Somali – Whether the Government’s decision violated the principle of non-refoulement – Whether the Government’s Decision violated the Refugees’ Rights to a fair administrative action– Whether the Government’s decision violated the constitutional rights of the refugees – Whether the circumstances in Somalia have fundamentally changed to warrant repatriation of the Refugees]
Kenya: Court of Appeal at Nairobi, 17 February 2017, The Honorable Attorney General v. Kituo Cha Sheria and Others, Civil Appeal No.108 of 2014 [Appeal from the Judgment and Decree of the High Court of Kenya at Nairobi (Majonja J.) dated 26th July 2013 – Confirmation du jugement annulant la décision prise en 2012-2013 de fermer les centres urbains d’enregistrement des réfugiés, les demandeurs d’asile/réfugiés devant être enregistrés et accueillis dans les camps de réfugiés et selon laquelle tous ceux qui apportent des services aux réfugiés cessent de le faire dans les zones urbaines et transfèrent ces services dans les camps]
Constitutional Court of South Africa, 29 June 2017, Lawyers for Human Rights v Minister of Home Affairs and others, Case CCT 38/16 [2017] ZACC 22 [Invalidité au regard de la Constitution de la section 34 de l’Immigration Act autorisant détention administrative sans procès aux fins d’expulsion]
Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights, 28 February 2019, Khan c. France (application no. 12267/16), ECLI:CE:ECHR:2019:0228JUD001226716 [Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment | Refugee camps | Unaccompanied / Separated children]
Doctrine / Analyses
Cultures & Conflits, n° 57 – L’Europe des camps, 2005
Cultures & Conflits, n° 71 – Confinement des étrangers : entre circulation et enfermement, 2008
Acer E. & Goodman J., « Reaffirming Rights : Human Rights Protections of Migrants, Asylum Seekers, and Refugees in Immigration Detention », Georgia Immigration Law Journal, Vol. 24, 2009-2010, pp. 507-531.
Agier M., Gérer les indésirables. Des camps de réfugiés au gouvernement humanitaire, Paris, Flammarion, 2008
Agier M., « Humanity as an Identity and its Political Effects. A Note on Camps and Humanitarian Government », Humanity, n° 1, 2010
Agier M., Managing the Undesirables: Refugee Camps and Humanitarian Government, English ed., Cambridge, Malden MA: Polity, 2011
Agier M., « L’encampement du monde », Plein droit n°90 mars 2011, pp. 21-24.
Agier M. (dir.), Un monde de Camps, Paris, La Découverte, 2014
Al Husseini J.,« The management of the Palestinian Refugee Camps in Jordan between logics of integration and exclusion », available at SSRN : https://ssrn.com/abstract=2166837, 2010, 21 p.
Anafé, Inhumanité en zone d’attente. Bilan 2008. Observations et interventions de l’Anafé en zoned’attente de Roissy, 2009, 58 p. URL : http://www.anafe.org/IMG/pdf/bilananafe-roissy-inhumanite-2008-.pdf
Anafé, Visites dans les zones d’attente de province et d’outre mer en 2007 et 2008, 2009, 30 p. URL : http://anafe.org/IMG/pdf/anafe-visite-za-juillet2009.pdf
Anafé, Dans les coulisses de Roissy : l’enfermement des étrangers en aérogare. Rapports de visites des aérogares de Roissy-Charles de Gaulle, 2016, 22 p. URL : http://www.anafe.org/IMG/pdf/anafe_-dans_les_coulisses_de_roissy_l_enfermement_des_etrangers_en_aerogare-_rapport_de_visites_des_aerogares_de_roissy-charles_de_gaulle.pdf
Bashford A. & Strange C., “Asylum-Seekers and National Histories of Detention”, Australian Journal of Politics and History, Vol. 48, No. 4, 2002, p. 509-527.
Benoit E., « Criminalité et justice sans souveraineté dans les camps de réfugiés du HCR : des systèmes de justice parallèle à l’impunité pour le personnel humanitaire », Revue québécoise de droit international, Hors-série, décembre 2015
Bernardot M., « Le pays aux mille et un camps. Approche socio-historique des espaces d’internement en France au XXe siècle », Recueil Alexandries, coll. Références, n° 9, décembre 2002, http://www.reseau-terra.eu/article542.html
Bernardot M., « Les mutations de la figure du camp », in Olivier Le Cour Grandmaison et al., Le retour des camps ?, Autrement « Frontières », 2007, pp. 42-55.
Bernardot M., Camps d’étrangers, Broissieux, Editions du Croquant, coll. Terra, 2008, 223 p.
Bernardot M., « Rafles et internement des étrangers : les nouvelles guerres de capture », in O. Le Cour Grandmaison (dir.), Douce France. Rafles, rétentions, expulsions, Paris, Seuil/RESF, 2009, pp. 45-71.
Bigo D., Circuler, enfermer, éloigner : zones d’attentes et centres de rétention aux frontières des démocraties occidentales, Paris, l’Harmatan, 1996, 221 p.
Bing C., La détention des demandeurs d’asile au sein de l’Union Européenne, Paris, L’Harmattan, Coll. International, 2016
Bitari N., “Yarmuk Refugee Camp and the Syrian Uprising: A View from Within”, Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 43, No. 1, 2013, pp. 61-78.
Black R., « Putting Refugees in Camps », Forced Migration Review, 1998, p. 4
Bosworth M., Inside Immigration Detention, Oxford, New York, Oxford University Press, 2014, xiv-283 p.
Bram J. Jansen, “’Digging Aid’: The Camp as an Option in East and the Horn of Africa”, Journal of Refugee Studies, Vol. 29, No. 2, 2015, pp.149-165.
Bryan I., Langford P., “The Lawful Detention of Unauthorised Aliens under the European System for the Protection of Human Rights”, Nordic J.I.L. – Acta scandinavica juris gentium, vol. 80, 2011/2, pp. 193-218.
Bulle S., « Domestiquer son environnement dans un territoire confiné : le camp de réfugiés de Shu’faat à Jérusalem-Est », Genèses, 2009/1 (n° 74), p. 94-113.
Caloz-Tschopp M.-C., Les étrangers aux frontières de l’Europe et le spectre des camps, Paris, La Dispute, 2004, 252 p.
Carlier J.-Y., « L’accès au territoire et la détention de l’étranger demandeur d’asile” (CEDH, Grande ch., Saadi c. Royaume-Uni, 29 janvier 2008), RTDH, n° 79, 2009, pp. 795-810.
Clochard O., Gastaut Y., Schor R., « Les camps d’étrangers depuis 1938 : continuité et adaptations. Du « modèle » français à la construction de l’espace Schengen », Revue européenne des migrations internationales, vol. 20, n° 2, 2004, pp. 57-87.
Corbet A., Community After All? An Inside Perspective on Encampment in Haiti, Journal of Refugee Studies, Volume 29, Issue 2, June 2016, Pages 166–186.
Cornelisse G., Immigration Detention and Human Rights. Rethinking Territorial Sovereignty, Leiden/Boston, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, coll. Immigration and Asylum Law and Policy in Europe, Vol. 19, 2010, 388 p.
Costello C., “Human Rights and the Elusive Universal Subject: Immigration Detention under International Human Rights and EU Law”, Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, Vol. 19, No. 1, 2012, pp. 257-303.
Crisp J., « Forms and Sources of Violence in Kenya’s Refugee Camps », Refugee Survey Quarterly, Vol. 54 , 2000, p. 69
Cuellar M. F., « Refugee Security and the Organizational Logic of Legal Mandates », Georgetown Journal of International Law, Vol. 37, 2006, pp. 583-723.
da Costa R., The Administration of Justice in Refugee Camps: A Study of Practice, coll Legal and Protection Policy Research Series, Genève, UNHCR Department of International Protection, 2006
Dar O., “Global Health: The Dadaab Camps-Daemons in the Detail”, The World Today, Vol. 67, No. 10, 2011, pp. 18-20.
Deguigné N. Et Témime E., Le camp du Grand Arénas, 1944-1966, Paris, Autrement, coll. Français d’ailleurs, peuple d’ici, 2001
Dicken B., “From Refugee Camps to Gated Communities: Biopolitics and the Ennd of the City 1”, Citizenship Studies, Vol. 8, No. 1, 2004, pp. 83-106.
Dormoy D., Slim H (dir.), Réfugiés, immigration clandestine et centres de rétention des immigrés clandestins en droit international, Bruxelles, Bruylant, 2008, 234 p.
Doty R. L., Wheatley E. S., “Private Detention and the Immigration Industrial Complex”, International Political Sociology, Vol. 7, 2013, pp. 426-443.
Flynn M., “Immigration Detention and proportionality”, Global Detention Project Working Paper n° 4, February 2011
Fresia M., Von Känel A., Beyond Space of Exception? Reflections on the Camp through the Prism of Refugee Schools, Journal of Refugee Studies, Volume 29, Issue 2, June 2016, pp 250–272.
Giakoumopoulos C., « Detention of Asylum Seekers in the light of Article 5 of the European Convention on Human Rights », in J. Hughes & F. Liebaut (dir.), Detention of Asylum Seekers in Europe: Analysis and Perspectives, 1998, pp. 161-182.
Global detention Project, “The Detention of Asylum Seekers in the Meditterranean Region”, Global Detention Project Backgrounder, April 2015
Goodwin-Gill S., « International Law and the Detention of Refugees and Asylum Seekers », The International migration review, Vol 20, No 2, Summer 1986
Goodwin-Gill S., “Rwanda Zaire, Refugee Camps and the Protection of Refugees”, International Journal of Refugee Law, Vol. 8, No. 4, 1996
Hanafi S., Long T., « Governance, Governmentalities and the State of Exceptions in the Palestinian Refugee Camps in Lebanon », Journal of Refugee Studies, Vol. 23, No 2, 2010, pp. 134-159.
Harrell-Bond B., “Can Humanitarian Work with Refugees be Humane?”, Human Rights Quarterly, Vol. 24, 2002, pp. 51-85.
Holzer E., « What happens to law in a refugee camp? », Law and Society Review, Vol. 47, Issue 4, 2013, pp. 837-872.
Horst C., “Buufis amongst Somalis in Dadaab: The Transnational and Historical Logics behind Resettlement Dreams”, Journal of Refugee Studies, Vol. 19, No. 2, 2006, pp. 142-157.
Hughes J. & Liebaut F. (ed.), Detention of Asylum Seekers in Europe: Analysis and Perspectives, The Hague, Kluwer law International, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1998
Human Right Watch, Jailing Refugees. Arbitrary Detention of Refugees in the US Who Fail to Adjust to permanent Resident Status, 2009, 35 p.
International Crisis Group (ICG), The Youth Movement in Sahrawi Refugee Camps, 25 April 2018
Jacobsen K., “A Framework for Exploring the Political and Security Context of Refugee Populated Area”, Refugee Survey Quarterly, Vol. 19, No. 1, 2000, pp. 3-22.
Janmyr M., Protecting Civilians in Refugee Camps, Unable and Unwilling States, UNHCR and international responsibility, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Coll. International Refugee Law Series, Vol. 1, 2014, 400 p.
Janmyr M., « Attributing Wrongful Conduct of Implementing Partners to UNHCR – International Responsibility and Human Rights Violations in Refugee Camps », Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies, 2014, pp. 42-69.
Janmyr M., “Protecting Civilians In Refugee Camps: Unable And Unwilling States, UNHCR And International Responsibility”, Journal of Refugee Studies, Volume 28, Issue 4, December 2015
Kobelinsky C., Makaremi C. et al., Enfermés dehors. Enquêtes sur le confinement des étrangers, Paris, Editions du Croquant, 2009, 335 p.
Kofford K., « An examination of the Law, or Lack thereof, in Refugee and displacement camps », Hastings International and Comparative Law Review, Vol. 35, No 1, 2012, pp. 173-216.
Kublitz A., « The Ongoing Catastrophe: Erosion of Life in the Danish Camps », Journal of Refugee Studies, Volume 29, Issue 2, June 2016, pp. 229–249.
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